Python Data Types

Data Types are used to define the type of a variable. It explains what type of data we will store in a variable. The data stored in memory can be of many types. For example, a person’s age is stored as a numeric value and his or her address is stored as alphanumeric characters. In Python, we need not declare a datatype while declaring a variable like C or C++. 

The following are the standard or built-in data types in Python:

Data Types	Classes	Description
Numeric	int, float, complex	Holds numeric values
String	str	Holds sequence of characters
Sequence	list, tuple, range	Holds collection of items
Mapping	dict	Holds data in key-value pair form
Boolean	bool	Holds either True or False
Set	Set, frozenset	Hold collection of unique items

type() Function In Python:

The type() function is an in-built function in Python. It returns the class type of the object passed to it and is used for debugging purposes in most cases.

>>> type(123) 

Result: <class ‘int’> 

>>> type(9.99) 

Result: <class ‘float’>

x = -7.65

>>>type(x)

Result: <class ‘float’>

Data Type Conversion:

Type conversion is the process that converts one type of data into another.

There are two types of type conversion in Python:

Python Implicit Type Conversion:

In implicit type conversion, the Python interpreter automatically converts one data type to another without any user involvement.

Example:

In Python, when we mix different types of numbers in a calculation, Python adjusts them automatically. For instance, if we have ‘x’ as a whole number (integer) and ‘y’ as a decimal (float), Python handles them appropriately. It won’t turn ‘y’ into a whole number to avoid losing any information. This is called Implicit type conversion. In this case, ‘z’ became a decimal (float) due to this automatic adjustment.

x = 10

print(type(x))

y = 10.6

print(type(y))

z = x + y

print(z)

print(type(z))

output:

<class ‘int’>

<class ‘float’>

<class ‘float’>

Python Explicit Type Conversion:

In explicit type conversion, the data type is manually changed by the user as per their requirements.

Here are some examples of explicit type conversion:

Converting integer to float

x = 5

y = 7

# Explicit type conversion from int to float

z = float(x + y)

print(z)

output: 12.0

Converting float to integer

a = 5.1

b = 3.2

# Explicit type conversion from float to int

c = int(a + b)

print(c)

output: 8

Converting Unicode to Character

print(

chr(68),

chr(65),

chr(84),

chr(65))

output: DATA